tutsi and fulani
The cattle are kept on the lush fields up north or south, but when the West African Monsoon subsides and the drier season returns, the water level drops and the cattle can return home again.[107][108][109]. (2009) found their mixed Hutu and Tutsi samples from Rwanda to be predominantly of Bantu origin, with minor gene flow from Afro-Asiatic communities (17.7% Afro-Asiatic genes found in the mixed Hutu/Tutsi population). However, DNA studies suggest that their ancestry is not very different to that of Bantu peoples (and of course they speak a Bantu language), and they don't have much genetic input from the African Horn region. e observed a T-13910 allele frequency of 48.0%, while the genome-wide European admixture fraction in the Fulani is 21.4% at K=3. Due to the Tutsi's status as a dominant minority vis-a-vis the Hutu farmers and the other local inhabitants, this relationship has been likened to that between lords and serfs in feudal Europe. Tutsi are a Bantu-speaking ethnic group of probable Nilotic origin, and the second largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi (the other two being the largest Bantu ethnic group Hutu and the Pygmy group of the Twa). Settled Fulani live in villages, towns, and cities permanently and have given up nomadic life completely, in favor of an urban one. [20][41], Walter Rodney in his book The History of the Upper Guinea Coast, argues that Fulbe are originally from North Africa and they conquered the Foota Djallon region led by the Fulani Koli Tenguella. Overall, however, all share most cultural practices to a large extent. Futa Bundu, sometimes called Bondu and located in Senegal and Faleme rivers confluence, became a centre for the rise of West Africa-wide Fula empire and influence in 17th century. The first eugenic operation was eliminating these specimens by syphilis murder, wars, defertilization, and outright inciting racial division with shorter tribes. [67][68] Many of the captors and perpetrators of raids providing sources for the European slave merchants were also Fulani. Tutsi and Hutu families are patrilineal (surnames are passed down from male to male). What Is the Conflict Between Tutsis and Hutus? - ThoughtCo Since the Cushitic Sidama kingdoms interacted with Nilotic groups, Fage thus proposes that the Tutsi may have descended from one such migrating Nilotic population. In countries like Nigeria, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso where meat supplies are entirely dependent on the Fulani, such conflicts lead to scarcity and hikes in animal protein prices. The British colonial policy of Indirect Rule, a divide-and-rule system that required sharp ethno-religious differentiation among Nigerians, made religion and ethnicity the preeminent markers of identity and pushed exclusionary identity politics into the political arena.